Optimizing acid pre-treatment process of citrus seed oil using response surface methodology

Muhammad Syam, Azhari (2015) Optimizing acid pre-treatment process of citrus seed oil using response surface methodology. SAINTEK, 29 (1). pp. 1-7. ISSN 0854.4468

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Abstract

Acid pre-treatment process of citrus seed oil is investigated to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) content of oil so that it could be used as feedstock of transesterification. The FFA content of oil is an important thing which should be taken into account in selecting a biodiesel feedstock when the transesterification in the presence of alkali catalyst is used as the method. To avoid the soap formation during the reaction takes place the oil FFA content must be <1.0%. In this study, the high FFA content of citrus oil is used as the feedstock. The response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to optimize the reaction parameters such as ratio of methanol to oil, percentage of catalyst loading, and reaction time. The optimized effecting parameters are as follows: reaction time, 112 minutes; percentage of catalyst, 0.92%w/w; and ratio of methanol to oil, 48%v/v. All experimental works are performed at fixed reaction temperature of 60C. The result show that the treated oil is successfully applied as the alkali catalyzed transesterification feedstock. The final FFA level of citrus seed oil is 0.52%.

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